Atmospheric emissions of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin following soil fumigation and surface containment treatment in bare-root forest nurseries

نویسندگان

  • D. Wang
  • W. C. Koskinen
چکیده

Methylisothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) are alternatives to methyl bromide for soil fumigation. However, surface transport of MITC emission has been cited as the cause for seedling damage in adjacent fields at several bare-root forest-tree nurseries. Field experiments were conducted at nurseries in Wisconsin and Georgia to measure air emissions of MITC and CP after fumigation. Four treatments were tested as combinations of two fumigants (dazomet or coapplication of CP and metam sodium) and two surface containment treatments (tarp or water seal). A very small percentage (<5%) of the applied equivalent of MITC was lost through either surface treatment over a 2-week period, and lower emissions occurred with the water seal. Cumulative emissions of CP accounted for 10%–22% of the applied CP. With all surface containment treatments, more than 70% of total cumulative emissions of either MITC or CP occurred within 1 week of application. Either surface containment treatment can be used by nursery managers to reduce risk of MITC emissions that could cause damage to nearby seedling crops or harm to humans. Résumé : L’isothiocyanate de méthyle (ITCM) et la chloropicrine (CP) peuvent remplacer le bromure de méthyle pour la fumigation du sol. Cependant, des dommages aux semis dans les champs adjacents ont été imputés au transport en surface des émissions d’ITCM dans plusieurs pépinières forestières à racines nues. Des expériences de terrain ont été réalisées dans des pépinières du Wisconsin et de la Géorgie pour mesurer les émissions d’ITCM et de CP après une fumigation. Quatre traitements constitués des combinaisons de deux fumigants (dazomet ou application combinée de CP et de métam-sodium) et deux types de confinement en surface (bâche ou scellant aqueux). Peu importe le type de confinement en surface, un très faible pourcentage (<5 %) d’équivalent d’ITCM appliqué s’est échappé sur une période de deux semaines et les émissions ont été les plus faibles avec le scellant aqueux. Les émissions cumulatives de CP représentaient 10 % à 22 % de la quantité de CP appliquée. Plus de 70 % des émissions cumulatives totales d’ITCM et de CP sont survenues en moins d’une semaine après l’application quel que soit le type de confinement utilisé. N’importe quel type de confinement peut être utilisé par les gestionnaires de pépinière pour réduire les risques d’émission d’ITCM susceptible de causer des dommages aux semis avoisinants ou du tort aux personnes. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Wang et al. 1212

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Greenhouse gas production and emission from a forest nursery soil following fumigation with chloropicrin and methyl isothiocyanate

Soil fumigation is commonly used to control soil-borne pathogens and weeds. Our aim was to examine the effects of soil fumigation with chloropicrin (CP) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) on CH4, N2O and CO2 production and emission. These effects on a SE USA forest nursery soil were examined in field and laboratory experiments. Following field fumigation, CH4 surface emissions and concentrations ...

متن کامل

Fumigant distribution in forest nursery soils under water seal and plastic film after application of dazomet, metam-sodium and chloropicrin.

Adequate concentration, exposure time and distribution uniformity of activated fumigant gases are prerequisites for successful soil fumigation. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate gas phase distributions of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest-tree nurseries. Concentrations of MITC and CP in soil air were measured from replicated microplots that received daz...

متن کامل

Degradation of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin in forest nursery soils.

Recent studies have observed enhanced degradation of methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) from repeated fumigation in agricultural soils. Little is known about fumigant degradation in forest and nursery soils. This study was conducted to determine degradation rates of MITC and chloropicrin (CP) in two forest soils and the impacts of nursery management on degradation of MITC and CP. The half-life values...

متن کامل

Emission, distribution and leaching of methyl isothiocyanate and chloropicrin under different surface containments.

The environmental fate of fumigants methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) and chloropicrin (CP) is of great concern for potential air and groundwater contamination while retaining sufficient concentrations for pest control efficacy. The emission, gas phase distribution, leaching, and persistence of MITC and CP were examined in repacked columns filled with sandy soils under three surface conditions: tarp...

متن کامل

Evaluation of Fumigants, EPTC Herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans in the Production of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Chloropicrin fumigation, Eptam 7-E (EPTC) herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans seed treatments were evaluated as alternatives to fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling production at three nurseries in the southern United States. A treatment of metam sodium/chloropicrin was also evaluated at one nursery. Seedling density was unaffected by fumigat...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2005